thorium dioxide การใช้

• Small addition of fluoride ions catalyses dissolution of thorium dioxide in acids.
• Sylvania was experimenting with large-scale production of thorium metal from thorium dioxide.
• Leitz laboratories discovered that lanthanum ( III ) oxide can be a suitable thorium dioxide replacement.
• The high thermal stability of thorium dioxide allows applications in flame spraying and high-temperature ceramics.
• Thorium dioxide also exhibits greater chemical stability and, unlike uranium dioxide, does not further oxidize.
• Thorium dioxide occurs as the rare mineral thorianite, which usually contains up to 12 % ThO 2.
• Thorium dioxide is a refractory material with the highest melting point among any known oxide ( 3390 癈 ).
• Hemangiosarcomas are commonly associated with toxic exposure to thorium dioxide ( Thorotrast ), vinyl chloride, and arsenic.
• Later models used a mantle of thorium dioxide suspended over the flame, creating a bright, steady light.
• In the form of Thorotrast, a thorium dioxide suspension, it was used as contrast medium in early X-ray diagnostics.
• Thorium dioxide was commonly a major component; being radioactive it has led to concerns about the safety of those involved in manufacturing mantles.
• The only denser white material is thorium dioxide, with density of 10 g / cm 3, but the thorium it contains is radioactive.
• In the past thoria ( thorium dioxide ) was used as a contrast agent for medical X-ray radiography but its use has been discontinued.
• The properties of thorium vary widely depending on the amount of impurities in the sample : the major impurity is usually thorium dioxide ( ThO 2 ).
• The carbothermic reaction require very high temperature ranging from 700 癈 to 2600 癈 . What necessitates these extreme environments are thorium dioxides melting temperature of 3, 390 癈.
• Thorium dioxide can be turned into a nuclear fuel by breeding it into uranium-233 ( see below and refer to the article on thorium for more information on this ).
• Compared to the predominant reactor fuel, uranium dioxide ( ), thorium dioxide ( ) has a higher melting point, higher thermal conductivity, and lower coefficient of thermal expansion.
• Glass with addition of thorium dioxide has high refraction and low dispersion and was in use since before World War 2, but its radioactivity led to its replacement with other compositions.
• Looking like a delicate woven bag above the woven cotton wick, the mantle is a residue of mineral materials ( mostly thorium dioxide ), heated to incandescence by the flame from the wick.
• In 1890 he introduced a new form of the mantle based on a mixture of 99 % thorium dioxide and 1 % cerium ( IV ) oxide which he developed in collaboration with his colleague Dr . Haittinger.